Scale Exam Cheat Sheets

SHOCKING! Well, it's that time of the semester for college students--"cramming for scale juries" time. I hope these documents (added in the ARTICLES/DOCUMENTS Section as pdf's) are helpful. They are, of course, not intended for use in the exam, but rather to serve as a guide during practice and study time:


Full Range Major Scales (Flutes): This is a road map of start note, highest note, lowest note and ending note for each major scale. Notes in parentheses are optional substitute notes-- dominant of the scale.

Thirds Typed: All 12 Major Scales in Thirds on one page! Print out the document and highlight the scale notes (basically every other pitch) to keep from losing your place. Notes in parentheses are optional substitute notes.

Minor Scale Cheat Sheet: A chart which lists the M/m key names and #6 and #7 notes for each minor scale all on one page.

7th Chords: A chart listing all forms of 7th chords for each root note--all on one page. Bolded note indicates which note changed from the previous chord.

7th chords are triads (3 stacked line or space notes) with an additional 3rd on top creating a 4 note pattern in each octave. It is helpful to review the forms of triads before studying 7th chords.

Triad forms:

• Major triad: Major 3rd (4 half steps) with a minor 3rd (3 half steps) on top
• minor triad: minor 3rd with a Major 3rd on top
• diminished triad: minor 3rd with a minor 3rd on top

Forms of 7th chords:

• MM7--Major triad with Major 7th
• Mm7 (Dominant 7)--Major triad with minor 7th
• mm7--minor triad with minor 7th
• half-diminished 7--diminished triad with Major 3rd on top
• fully diminished 7--diminished triad with minor 3rd on top

May your practice go smoothly and without haste.

Catherine

Flute Alignment or How To "DeClaw" Flutists

In my "ABC's of Wind Playing" this topic belongs in Category C: Physical Orientation to the Instrument.

Many tonal and fingering difficulties experienced on the flute can be attributed to less than ideal alignment of the instrument and/or inefficient physical orientation to the instrument. Improving alignment of the instrument can eliminate many of these problems which can distract us from what is important, the enjoyment and satisfaction of playing beautifully.

I often say, “One of my missions in life is to declaw flutists.” The meaning of this statement is twofold; flutists tend to squeeze their flutes with their thumb and index finger combos on both hands (their “claws”) causing unnecessary tension and wasted air, and, also, I don’t well tolerate “catty” comments or thoughts about other flutists, especially among my students—we’re all in this together!

It is useful to think of balancing, rather than holding the flute; to avoid squeezing the flute, be sure that the instrument is properly balanced on the inside of the top joint of the right thumb and the area just above the lower knuckle of the left index finger while also lightly touching the chin area below the lower lip. (for good placement on lip, please see my “Lip Line and Lippies” video:
http://www.catherinelegrand.mobi/audiovideo/070204lippies.mov

If the flute is properly balanced, it will not roll backwards toward the face. Squeezing with the “claws” is usually caused by expending energy to prevent the flute from rolling backwards. If the keys are slightly turned forward (rods almost pointing to the ceiling) the flute can balance with stability, improving finger dexterity and musical performance. In order for the head, neck and jaw to be comfortable and for the embouchure to function properly while the keys are somewhat forward, the headjoint will need to be turned in some. I often suggest aligning the inside edge of the embouchure hole between the rods, though this varies some depending on the physical height and finger lengths of the individual flutist.

While searching for online resources on this topic to share with you, I came across an excellent article by Canadian flutist Jennifer Cluff, complete with historical background, diagrams and photos:

http://www.jennifercluff.com/lineup.htm#align

For those of you with right pinky issues, this is her footjoint alignment discussion:

http://www.jennifercluff.com/footturn.pdf

I welcome your questions and comments.

Catherine